"To learn a language is to have one more window from which to look at the world" -Chinese Proverb.
Learning a few phrases from the country you are planning to travel could go a long way. It would help you get comfortable and break the ice with the locals easier and fun. In my experience, even if you failed miserably to pronounce the words the locals will appreciate your attempt and might giggle a bit then they will try to help you pronounce it correctly. You don’t need to master the language for your one-week trip. But learning words and phrases like “Hello,” “Goodbye,” “Thank you!”, “Where’s the bathroom?” will help you a lot than you might think.
Learn Simple Phrases:
One of the easiest ways to learn phrases is to simply memorize it. Lonely Planet publishes a travel guide for almost every country in the world. This guide book includes common phrases and pronunciation of those phrases in it. You could check it out and memorize those words.
If you don't want to buy a whole travel guide for a few phrases you can always use google translate. It has its issues, we know but for simple phrases and words, it works like a charm.
Mongolian Common Phrases:
Hello - Сайн байна уу? - Sain baina uu
Thank you - Баярлалаа - Bayarlalaa
Goodbye - Баяртай - Bayartai
Yes - Тийм - Tiim
No - Үгүй - Ugui
My name is - Миний нэрийг - Mini ner
Do you speak English? - Та англиар ярьдаг уу? - Ta angliar yaridag uu?